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Monel is a trademarked name for a group of nickel-copper alloys, primarily composed of approximately 65–70% nickel and 20–29% copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. These alloys are known for their excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and good weldability, particularly in marine and chemical environments.
Common grades of Monel, such as Monel 400 and Monel K-500, are widely used in marine engineering, chemical and hydrocarbon processing, heat exchangers, and oil and gas applications. These alloys conform to international standards like ASTM B127, B164, and B165, ensuring durability and long service life in harsh, corrosive conditions.
| Element | Monel 400 | Monel K-500 |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | ≥ 63.0 | ≥ 63.0 |
| Copper (Cu) | 28.0 – 34.0 | 27.0 – 33.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | 2.0 – 2.5 | ≤ 2.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 1.5 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.5 | ≤ 0.5 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.3 | ≤ 0.25 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.024 | ≤ 0.01 |
| Aluminum (Al) | — | 2.3 – 3.15 |
| Titanium (Ti) | — | 0.35 – 0.85 |
| Property | Monel 400 (Annealed) | Monel K-500 (Aged) |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 70–85 ksi (485–585 MPa) | 110–160 ksi (760–1100 MPa) |
| Yield Strength (0.2%) | 25–35 ksi (170–240 MPa) | 80–130 ksi (550–900 MPa) |
| Elongation (in 2") | ~30–40% | ~15% |
| Hardness | Rockwell B75–B90 | Rockwell C30–C35 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | ~26 x 10³ ksi (180 GPa) | ~28 x 10³ ksi (193 GPa) |
| Density | 8.80 g/cm³ | 8.44 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1300–1350 °C (2370–2460 °F) | 1315–1350 °C (2400–2460 °F) |